If you are citing to a publicdomain citation whether an illinois opinion or a nonillinois opinion and including a pinpoint citation, rule iiia3 instructs you to pinpoint cite to the paragraph number. The style manual used by the new york state law reporting. Additionally, the chicago manual of style recommends its use for all citation of legal material. For a complete list of how to cite print sources, please refer to the 7 th edition of the apa publication manual. A reference to the same case or statute published in two or more sources. Citing case law sample bluebook citations libguides at. Parallel citations are used when the same case is printed in two or more different reporters. Give the name of the author just as it appears, not surname first. The two major instances in which a parallel citation may be needed are. For generations, law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebooks unique system of citation. As a general rule, however, the bluebook does not require parallel citations. True, lookuptables wests national reporter blue book, shepards citations made it possible to determine where a case in volume 50.
The bluebook style guide is used in the american legal profession for citation of all relevant sources. This page reflects the latest version of the apa publication manual i. Follow the regular rules for citing the source and then add the parallel internet citation. X is used to refer to an earlier citation with a different point page. For a complete list of how to cite print sources, please refer to the 7 th edition of. Law school bluebook basics one of the books that all 1l law students are required to purchase is the bluebook. When a print source is available, provide a parallel citation to an internet source, if the cite would substantially improve access. The bluebook requires a parallel cite to the regional reporter when citing to the public domain citation. Parallel print citations in todays digital environment. Alternately, you can find most of the citation information you need at the top of the screen on lexis and westlaw. When a public domain citation is provided, supply a parallel citation to a published source. Essentially, the parallel citation is an alternate citation to the same case. Parallel citations are necessary when citing to a case in documents such as briefs or memoranda.
If you encounter a situation that is not covered in this guide, make sure to check the bluebook for more detail. Oct 14, 20 westlawnext includes parallel citations at the top of each case, making it easy to find a case by citation no matter which reporter citation you happen to have. Pages, paragraphs, and pincites bluebook legal citation. Bluebook citation is the most commonly used legal citation system for law students in the us. Subsequent references to a case in the same paragraph where intervening authorities have been. Note that if the state or court is clear from the official reporter title, omit it from the date parenthetical. The citation to a house and senate report is cited. For material available in print form, you may provide a parallel citation to an internet source to improve reader access to the material. These refer to the same case as reported in a different reporter. Parallel citations for the following publications, not all. Consult your state courts local rules to find out whether the parallel citation is necessary. There are other citation forms for unreported and pending cases for example, a citation to a decision by the court of appeals that is pending in the supreme court after transfer. Citations to the same law or opinion published in different sources are called. Follow the rules of the bluebook andor alwd for formulating a case name in a citation.
Parallel citations for the following publications, not all of. If you need to include a pinpoint citation to, for example, a quotation or the holding of a case, add the page number after the first page. Jul 19, 2019 short citation forms thus far, this guide has described how to cite cases in long form, i. Board of education decision as published in united states reports. Basic bluebook citation for cases proficientwriters. If both, then first write editors name and then translators name. Legal writers generally use a parallel citation only where a local court rule or local custom demands that they do so.
When the source doesnt exist in a traditional printed source. The purpose of show me citations is to cover the basics of most commonly used citation forms. Note that the use of abbreviations in a case name depends on whether the citation. Because you will often cite a case and other legal materials multiple times in a document, the bluebook has established a short form for use in subsequent citations. It directs the reader to a second place where the case has been published.
If you include a parallel citation to a print source, you are not to include a pinpoint citation for that print source. The bluebook was accepted as well as critiqued but now it has come a long way with the nineteenth 19 th edition. Colorado appellate reports pacific reporter, colorado lawyer, or brief times reporter. Aug 09, 2019 when a case citation includes cites to the same case published in multiple reporters, that is known as a parallel citation. When a traditional printed source exists but either cant be found or is practically unavailable.
When citing a case in lexis nexis, which displays multiple citations for the same case, its generally advisable to use the first listed citation. Thus far, this guide has described how to cite cases in long form, i. If citing to a footnote, add the number of the footnote after the page number in the format n. A parallel citation is an additional reference to a case that has been reported in more than one reporter. In a memo summarizing your research, what would be the proper citation for the 2008 united sta.
May 02, 2017 parallel citations to online material. The bluebook requires citation to printed material provided it is available, unless there is an authenticated, official, or exact digital copy of the printed sources. If you dont have the reporter being cited, use the case name index in any parallel reporter to find the pages for your case. Look in the bluebook or another citation or legal style manual. Give the name of the author just as it appears, not surname first, as is common in other citation formats. Guide to cite using bluebook citation method with examples. A bluebook citation generator is a simple way to save your time and format your references correctly. Reports, illinois reports, federal supplements, south western reporter, supreme court reporter, american jurisprudence 2d, north eastern. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebooks unique system of citation in their writing. When a case citation includes cites to the same case published in multiple reporters, that is known as a parallel citation.
Note that many cases have several parallel citations, i. Some basics on bluebooking with a focus on maryland rules this is a quick guide to citing maryland cases and statutes, based on bluebook rules 10 and 12. Note also that ebooks are described on our electronic sources page. The main rule that describes the short form for cases is rule 10. Commercial databases should be cited in preference to other, general internet resources. Just separate the two parallel citations with a comma.
Citation to numbered federal reports should include the abbreviation for the entity issuing the report, the number of the congress connected by a hyphen to the number of the report, the page on which the material begins and the year of the publication. Bt2 jurisdictionspecific citation rules and style guides. Citations may also include other parenthetical information and the subsequent history. Cases bluebook legal citation tarlton law library at. This book is a reference guide that, believe it or not, will be just about the only book you take from law school into your practice as a lawyer. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal authorities upon. A parallel citation to an internet source may be provided if it substantially improves access to the source. Colorado appellate reports, wisconsin reports, federal reporter, washington reports, massachusette reports, u.
For example, if citing to footnote 3 on page 807, provide the pin as 807 n. Legal research legal citations the parallel citation. The blue pages form of this citation blue pages are used for practitionersie, writing briefs and other court documents would be elements of citation. In other words, a parallel citation references location information for more that one source of a case.
The title of the book, also in small caps, should follow. Aug 29, 2019 when a print source is available, provide a parallel citation to an internet source, if the cite would substantially improve access. State case law citations are generally made up of three parts. For books, the authors name should appear as it does on the title page of the book, in small caps followed by a comma. The bluebook still requires the use and citation of printed sources where available see r. A pinpoint citation directly follows the title, which designates the specific pages on which the cited material appears. For more than two authors, editors or translators write the name of the author, editor. May 05, 2020 parallel citations are used when the same case is printed in two or more different reporters.
A parallel citation is when reported cases are found in one of several reporters with a volume and page number. Westlawnext provides every parallel citation you need to properly cite a case. Short forms for cases bluebook guide guides at georgetown. The basic difference between the white pages citation and the blue pages citation is that the article title is typed in italics in the white pages version and is underlined in the blue pages version. Thus, different citation formats are available for citing to louisiana authorities in these documents. The second half of the second citation example lists the regional reporter citation as a parallel citation. Internet citation bluebook citation 101 practitioner. Dec 03, 2015 legal citations example of parallel citations enter search words search. How do i cite american jurisprudence in an apa paper.
These references are parallel citations to reporters in which supreme court. The style manual used by the new york state law reporting bureau. History of bluebook the development of the bluebook from its inception in 1926 as a twentysixpage pamphlet. The pacific reporter is a parallel cite to cases for the washington reports and washington appellate reports. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal. Federal courts bluebook guide guides at georgetown law. The basic difference between the white pages citation and the blue pages citation. The bluebook, is the definitive style guide for legal citation in the united states. Parallel citation requirements in neutral citation jurisdictions. Book title underlined or italicized pinpoint page number if needed publication information if applicable year of publication example.
There are many different reporters, both official and unofficial. In court documents and filings, parallel citations to the same case as it appears in multiple reporters are often required. In case of citing a book that has been edited, write ed. May, 2008 parallel citations for the following publications, not all of them have a parallel cite.
Use the bluebook citation tool, save your time and perform your perfect law paper with papersowl. Bluebook citation for legal materials purdue writing lab. Some cases appear in multiple reporters, which provides more than one possible citation for that case, otherwise known as a parallel citation. It is not intended to be a comprehensive discussion of citation rules. Case law bluebook basics libguides at university of. The equivalent resource for the older apa 6 style can be found here. The last component of a proper case citation is the parallel citation. Legal researchers will frequently encounter citations to state case law. The development of the bluebook from its inception in 1926 as a twentysixpage pamphlet for use at harvard law school to its current status as a 389page manual used at the vast majority of law schools in the country has been amply documented. The official reporter is the united states reports us and the two unofficial, parallel reporters are the.
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